A model for working relationships

The Trust Equation

A way to take “I don’t quite trust them” apart into four things you can name, rate and actually work on, one relationship at a time.

Trust equals Credibility plus Reliability plus Intimacy, with the whole sum divided by Self-Orientation.

Three things add up. One thing divides them all. Push Self-Orientation up and every strength above the line shrinks with it.

The four dimensions

What each term actually means

Each one has a test question: the thing you’d silently ask yourself about someone. If you only remember one line per dimension, make it that.

About words

Credibility

Whether what someone says holds up. It comes from knowing the subject, getting the details right, being honest about where their knowledge stops, and a history of calls that turned out to be correct. It’s also where most people over-invest: piling on credentials is the most common way people try to earn trust, and the least effective.

Test question

“Do I believe what this person tells me?”

When it’s the weak one: they’re pleasant and on time, but you quietly double-check whatever they tell you.

About actions

Reliability

Whether someone does what they said, when they said. It’s built from many small promises kept, not one heroic delivery. It’s the only dimension that needs time to pass, which makes it the hardest to fake and the slowest to repair once it breaks.

Test question

“Can I predict what this person will do?”

When it’s the weak one: great in the meeting, and you’re never quite sure anything will happen after it.

About safety

Intimacy

Whether it feels safe to bring this person something risky, half-formed or unflattering. It grows through discretion, through taking feelings seriously instead of steering around them, and through going first with your own candor. It’s the dimension most often missing, and often where the biggest single gain is.

Test question

“Can I tell this person something that makes me look bad?”

When it’s the weak one: capable and dependable, but you’d never take them a worry you hadn’t already solved.

About focus

Self-Orientation

Whose interests someone is really serving in the conversation. When it runs high it looks like steering toward their own agenda, needing to be right, filling every silence, pitching instead of diagnosing, and listening mainly for a gap to start talking.

Test question

“Is this person in it for me, or for themselves?”

When it’s the weak one (scored high): everything they do is good, and you still wonder what they’re after.

Why it sits below the line

It divides. It doesn’t subtract.

The other three add together. This one scales the whole sum. Someone can be expert, dependable and warm, and still have all of it discounted the moment the other person decides they’re in it for themselves.

That also makes it the best lever. Bring it down and every strength above the line counts for more, without adding anything new.

Two things to hold onto

Trust is specific, not general

It runs in one direction

Trust isn’t something a person has. It belongs to one relationship, pointing one way. How much you trust a colleague says nothing about how much they trust you, or how much the next person does. The same person can be deeply trusted by one teammate and barely by another.

That’s why the exercise below asks you to picture one specific person, not to rate yourself in general.

Each gap has its own repair

The four dimensions break differently, so they mend differently. Working out which one is low is most of the work; the fix usually follows.

CredibilityShow your reasoning and your limits, not your résumé.

ReliabilitySmaller commitments, kept more often.

IntimacySomeone has to go first.

Self-OrientationAsk more, pitch less, let silences sit.

Exercise · About five minutes

Rate one relationship

This is how it runs in a live session. Picture one real person, rate them on the four test questions, and see which dimension to work on first.

There’s no trust score here, on purpose. Dividing these ratings gives an unbounded number that means nothing on its own and invites comparing people. What you get instead is where to start.

Step 1

Bring one person to mind

A colleague, a client, your manager. One specific person, and one direction: how much do you trust them?

Step 2

Answer each test question, 1 to 10

Go with your first honest answer. Arrow keys work too.

Credibility · about words
Not rated
Reliability · about actions
Not rated
Intimacy · about safety
Not rated
Self-Orientation · about focus
Not rated

Your ratings never leave this browser. Nothing is submitted, saved or sent anywhere. Reloading the page, or Clear, wipes them.

Running it on paper?

A one-page handout with the formula, the four test questions and blank scales to mark by hand. Print one per person — it holds no ratings, yours or anyone else’s.

Download PDF

For facilitators

Running this with a team

  1. Pick one real relationship

    Put the formula on screen and ask everyone to picture one specific person, not “the team” or “people in general”.

  2. Rate privately

    On paper or on this page on their own device. Nobody sees anyone else’s ratings, and nobody is asked for them.

  3. Share the dimension, not the number

    Go round the room: each person names only the dimension they’d work on. Numbers stay private.

  4. Spend the time on the repair

    Skip debating the ratings. Ask what one thing each person will do this week, and who is going to go first.

Where the model comes from

The Trust Equation was introduced by David Maister, Charles Green and Robert Galford in The Trusted Advisor (Free Press, 2000). We credit it to them and recommend the book.

What this page is, and isn’t

The four definitions, the examples, the exercise, the coaching suggestions and all other commentary here are Team Dynamic Labs’s own words and interpretation. This is a thinking framework for conversation, not a validated psychometric instrument, and your ratings are not a measurement.